In the past few weeks I’ve presented two blogs on various drug resistant bacteria. The first was on March 13^th about “Super Bugs” and another on March 20^th about “Deadly CRE”. These hardy bacteria are a growing concern worldwide since they have the ability to evolve to a point that traditional antibiotics are no longer ineffective against them.

Unfortunately, the same type of microbial evolution occurs with viruses. It happens with viruses that cause the common cold, with flu viruses and even with more deadly viruses, like HIV.

In regard to HIV, drugs have been developed to prevent the virus from replicating and, therefore, the survival rate of AIDS has dramatically increased in recent years. But eventually the AIDS virus, like the bacteria previously discussed, evolves to evade potent medications.

The good news is that research scientists at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri have discovered a new, innovative approach to viral infections, even resistant ones—It’s Bee Venom!

Scientists have found a key ingredient in bee venom that destroys HIV without harming surrounding cells. The bee venom is named mellitin, and researchers have loaded the toxin on nanoparticles structured with bumpers (think of cogs or gears on a wheel).

Normal cells bounce off of these nanoparticles because they’re too large to get caught between the bumpers. The HIV virus, however, is small enough to fit between the bumpers and make contact with the surface of these nanoparticles. And that’s where the bee venom (mellitin) is placed.

The mellitin fuses with the viral shell, called the viral envelope, and causes it to rupture; thus, it renders the virus inactive.

The difference between this technique and existing anti-HIV drugs is that those drugs don’t prevent the initial infection. Their mechanism of action is to inhibit the viruses’ ability to replicate. Eventually that mechanism becomes inactive because viruses are as smart as bacteria and evolve to evade the drug’s lethal action.

Mellitin is a much different approach in that this venom attacks the inherent structure of the virus. In effect, mellitin pokes holes in the protective envelope that surrounds HIV.

The implications for treatments are phenomenal. Treatments could be developed for drug-resistant HIV infections. These remedies could be delivered intravenously to potentially clear HIV from a patient’s blood. And the venom-infused nanoparticles could be added to topical (vaginal, anally, etc) gels to prevent the initial infection.

And the news gets even better! The bee venom potentially could be effective against other viruses since the majority of them are minute particles that fit between the nanoparticle bumpers. Since mellitin attacks double-layered membranes (such as, viral protective envelopes) indiscriminately, other viruses could be killed with this potent bee venom.

That means we may be on the verge of actually killing viruses as never before. Researchers state that the nanoparticles are easy to make and enough bee venom could be extracted to begin clinical trials very soon.

Potentially, the only limiting factor would be obtaining enough bee venom to mass-produce the therapy, and bee populations are declining around the world. One study suggests that the US and UK have lost a third of their honeybee population since 2010 and that the die-off is spreading to other highly populated countries, including China and India, in a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder (CCD).

Barring a shortage of bee venom, however, the implications of this new medical approach are that other viruses, such as Hepatitis B and C, and even the cold and flu viruses, could be treated with venom-loaded nanoparticles and used in the same way we cure bacterial infections with antibiotics.

BUT in this case, the viruses would have no mechanism to evolve and become resistant to therapy. What a refreshing and long-awaited win for mankind that would be!

Thought? Comments? I’d love to hear them!